With minimal harmful effects, walking has several benefits such as creating a rhythmic, dynamic, aerobic of large skeletal muscles. Walking, faster than customary, and regularly in sufficient quantity into the 'training zone' of over 70% of maximal heart rate, develops and sustains physical fitness.
Physical results will be seen with posture and carries due to the fact that the muscles of the legs,pelvis and lower trunk are strengthened and the flexibility of their joints are increased. Any quantity of walking, and at any pace, expends energy and therefore the potential for long term weight control as a result of walking is present.
Dynamic aerobic exercise, as in walking, enhances a multitude of bodily processes that are inherent in skeletal muscle activity, including the metabolism of high density proteins and insulin/glucose dynamics. Walking is also the most common weight-bearing activity, and there are indications at all ages of an increase in related bone strength. Walking is beneficial through engendering improved fitness and/or greater physiological activity and energy turnover.
There is, nevertheless, growing evidence of gains in the prevention of heart attack and reducing of total death rates, in the treatment of hypertension, intermittent classification and muscularity disorders, and in rehabilitation after heart attack and in chronic respiratory disease.
The following are some examples of the benefits of walking on a regular basis:
Golfers can reap the benefits of walking
A study by Marks and colleagues investigated the potential health benefits of walking while playing 18 holes of golf among 55 sedentary men aged 48-64. After the 20-week study, the researchers found that the golfers (playing 2-3x/week) who walked while playing showed significant improvements in aerobic endurance and core endurance. In addition, they also found that walking favorably affected body composition, including reductions in weight of 1.4 kilogram, in waist circumference by 2.2 centimeters, and abdominal skin fold thickness by 2.2 centimeters. The golfers who walked also showed improved cholesterol levels in the blood.
Walking to prevent osteoporosis in the elderly
Because bone structure is maintained by the force of gravity (upright posture) and the lateral forces resulting from muscular contraction, weight bearing activities such as walking are better than cycling and swimming for maintaining spine and hip mineral integrity. Further, it may be safer to stay with a walking program since walking only produces forces up 1.5-2x body weight on each foot strike versus running which imposes forces of up to 3-4x body weight during each foot strike. As such, injuries are not as common in walking when compared to running.
Research has shown that as little as 2-3 hours of weight bearing exercise (example. walking) per week may reduce the expected rate of bone mineral loss with age.
Walking to reduce cardiovascular events
Numerous studies have shown the benefits of walking in preventing cardiovascular disease. A 2002 study in the New England Journal of Medicine revealed that walking on a regular basis was associated with substantial reductions in the incidence of cardiovascular events among 73,743 postmenopausal women.
Other studies displaying the inverse relationship between walking and cardiovascular events are very common including a study by Rastogi and colleagues who showed that as much as 35-40 minutes per day of zippy walking was protective for coronary heart disease.
Lose weight by walking
Calories are burned because as mentioned earlier, walking is most definitely considered a form of physical activity. Obviously, the amount of energy expenditure will depend on the nature and intensity of the exercise. It has been shown that for walking speeds of up to 3.5 mph the caloric expenditure is 0.77 kilo calorie/kg/mile. Therefore, if you weigh 75 kg and walked at 4 mph, you would be burning 58 kilo calorie/mile. Over 10 miles that would equate to 580 kilo calorie. This number is virtually half of what you would burn if running at 7 mph.