Magnesium because of its excellent physical properties and mechanical processing properties, rich reserves, has been the industry's recognized as the most promising lightweight materials and the twenty-first century green metallic materials, magnesium coming decades will be the growth in demand for the most fast non-ferrous metals.
In the June 7 at the "China Magnesium Industry Development Forum" on the just attended the China Academy of Engineering, Academician of the General Assembly in 2004 a dozen of materials science, metallurgical engineering, manufacturing engineering, a Fellow of the application of magnesium are extremely optimistic about the future. Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering, Shi Changxu pointed out that "Magnesium is the Earth's surface, including oceans, including the most abundant metallic element in many metal tends to dry up today, great efforts to develop magnesium material is an important guarantee for achieving sustainable development" .
1, magnesium excellent performance, very rich reserves of
Magnesium and its alloys in engineering applications is by far the lightest metal structural material, with low density, high specific strength, electromagnetic shielding, good shock absorption and excellent casting and mechanical processing properties. Magnesium has a density of 1740 kilograms / cubic meters, about 64% of aluminum, zinc 25%, steel 23%. As a light metal, strength, stiffness, magnesium alloy after titanium and alloy structural steel, but significantly higher than aluminum, but much higher than the engineering materials, their impact, processing performance, recyclable properties are superior to aluminum alloy.
Magnesium is abundant in the earth's crust in the reserves to reach 2.1% -2.7% in all elements ranked sixth, is second only to aluminum and iron metal elements in third place. Magnesium minerals are commonly used in magnesite, dolomite and carnallite. In addition, the seawater magnesium alloy reached 0.13%. In China, the world's resources in the most magnesium-rich countries. My dolomite and magnesite-rich, high-grade, widely distributed, the western Qinghai Lake is also rich in magnesium resources.
2, magnesium demand for rapid growth, good prospects
Since the mid-20th century, 90 years, as energy prices rise, sustainable development requires the improvement, as well as the development of electronic information industry, magnesium and magnesium alloy development and applications to enter a period of rapid growth, especially in the developed countries received attention. In recent years, the West magnesium alloy applications market grew by 15% or more, the global application of magnesium alloy average annual growth rate of about 10% over the same period the West tin, copper, aluminum, zinc and the average annual growth rate in 2% -4 % or so. Automotive magnesium die-casting growth is lightweight hot over the past decade, the United States, European Union, the Japanese automotive industry have set up corresponding research department and industry alliance to develop and implement the relevant research and development program of magnesium.
Since the last century since the mid-nineties, the rapid development of China's magnesium industry has been by virtue of resources, energy, cost benefits and advantages of industrial innovation lay in the original production of the absolute superiority of magnesium. In 2003, the primary magnesium production in China reached 354,000 tons, an increase of 32.1%, becoming the aluminum, zinc, copper, lead after the fifth-largest non-ferrous metals, magnesium and export volume of 298,000 tons, compared with the previous annual growth of 42.58 percent, ranking first in the world. Magnesium Branch of China Nonferrous Metals Association president Wu Xiuming made in the report: "China has become a truly great power magnesium resources, producing country, exporting country, accounting for the global primary magnesium more than 70% market share and promote the magnesium in the world within the wide range of applications. "
However, the relatively developed countries, China's magnesium application level is still very low, although a certain amount of growth at present, but only 51.2 thousand tons. The main reason is the development of magnesium processing technology is lagging behind, the coordination of related industries is not enough low level of industrialization.
Magnesium Branch of the Secretary-General Meng Shu-kun says with some regret: "In China's future sustainable development, rational exploitation and utilization of resources is a priority. In 2003, China's copper production 60%, and 48% of aluminum production, aluminum production, 30 %, 20% of zinc production is to rely on imported raw materials. As the imported raw material prices rise, the question of resources has a direct impact on the sustained and stable development of non-ferrous metal industries, while China Magnesium is the real advantage of resources and production industries, magnesium and magnesium alloy materials, a large number of applications, for weight loss, energy saving, environmental protection, improve product performance, has an important effect on the construction of a resource-saving society in China has a positive significance. "
According to magnesium branch statistics, to carry out magnesium and magnesium alloy processing enterprises have been more than 80 more than. The focus of investment and industrialization direction: high-quality magnesium alloy production, automobile, motorcycle magnesium die-casting production, mobile phones, laptop computers and other 3C products shell production, production of magnesium-based sacrificial anode, magnesium alloy sheet, extrusion material production, magnesium-based desulfurization agent and ultra-fine magnesium powder production.
In recent years, China's research in high-performance materials, magnesium, magnesium and the development of processing equipment, as well as the magnesium alloy development and application of deep-processed products have made considerable progress, has been formed from raw material to deep processing to the application of a complete industrial chain, industrial group, from basic research to applied research to product development, research and development of a complete system, and these resources will help us will be a gradual transition of magnesium economic advantages, to realize industrialization by leaps and bounds.
At present, an extension of the industrial chain of magnesium, magnesium R & D system and the gradual improvement of the three major factors related to the role of industrial development, China's consumption of magnesium and magnesium alloys are also growing rapidly expanding application areas, consumption has grown from 1999 2. 320,000 tons to grow to 2003 5.12 million tons, an increase of 1.2 times. The next 15 years is China's fastest period of growth in demand for magnesium, the demand will be more than 10% of the rate of growth is expected in 2010 and 2020, respectively magnesium consumption will reach 10 million tons and 200,000 tons.
Third, widespread applications in traditional industries and high-tech products generally favor
Magnesium and magnesium alloys as a new type of Applied Materials, in recent years has been widely used in military, civilian in many areas: in aerospace, marine, communications, medical, radio and television, audio video equipment, microelectronics, optical equipment, etc. areas, in the automotive, motorcycle, tools, electrical appliances, mobile phones, computers and electronic equipment and other products can be seen in the traces of magnesium alloy in the steel desulfurization, aluminum production, anti-corrosion engineering are inseparable from the magnesium raw materials .
In the automotive industry, Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation, FAW Group, Dongfeng Motor Group, Jiangling Motor Company and other large domestic auto companies have begun to use magnesium system components. According to the study, to reduce vehicle weight per 100 kg, fuel consumption can be reduced 0.7 liters / 100 kilometers or so, for every 1 liter of fuel can be saved to reduce carbon dioxide emissions of 2.5 grams. Magnesium alloy parts and components through the use of lightweight vehicles can effectively achieve goals.
At present, Europe and the United States being used and developed as many as more than 100 kinds of magnesium alloy parts, automobile traffic has been using magnesium 6-26 kg with an average of 12 kg. By the Chongqing Loncin Group, Southwest Aluminum Group and other units to form a joint venture in Chongqing Magnesium Science and Technology Co., Ltd., has developed a magnesium alloy more than 10 kinds of motorcycle parts, has developed a motorcycle helmet. At present, the magnesium alloy has been achieved in the motorcycle on the amount of 5 kg of cycling, with a total weight loss of about 3 kg, the cumulative loading more than 30 million. Beijing's first Far East Special Steel Products Co., Ltd production of magnesium alloy magnesium alloy bikes are already available, with its lightweight, easy folding, beautiful and received by the market and have been exported.
Magnesium alloy in the domestic aviation industry, military vehicles and weapons industry, the application has also made a series of progress. Magnesium alloy used in vehicles, in addition to weight loss and lower fuel consumption, but also can improve the vehicle acceleration, braking performance, but also reduce the traffic vibration and noise, improve comfort, you can speed up the cooling, so that the engine's overall performance to improve a grade; with good economic benefits.
Magnesium alloy has the excellent performance of thin-wall casting and good specific strength, rigidity and anti-collision capabilities, to fully satisfy the 3C product highly integrated, turn thinning, miniaturized, and drop collision and electromagnetic shielding, thermal, and environmental requirements .
Therefore, the current mobile phones, laptop computers, PDA, CD machine, network disks, digital cameras, camcorders, MP3, portable DVD, etc., have also set off a magnesium alloy casing and parts R & D and application of boom. China has established a number of 3C products specialize in the production of magnesium alloy components, enterprise-specific, such as Qingdao Jingu Magnesium Corporation, Changchun Huayu Magnesium and Foxconn companies, these enterprises have begun to 3C products for domestic and foreign brands volume magnesium alloy parts and components provided. With China's electronic information industry development and manufacturing of rapid development, the size of magnesium alloy processing industry is also gradually expanded, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore enterprises to gradually 3C magnesium alloy production base moved to the Pearl River and the Yangtze River Delta region, and the formation of a relatively concentrated industries.
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