Cord Blood - Stem Cells Defined

Stem cells can be found in multiple locations within our body. Research has discovered the potential life saving importance of these cells, and are currently using them for treatment in a number of diseases. This article is to help the reader understand the two types of stem cells, where they come from and what diseases are currently being treated using the research and data collected from stem cell study.

Adult Stem Cells - these are cells considered undifferential, and are specialized, such as heart muscle, skin, and neuron cells. They are found within bone marrow, in cord blood, and in the circulatory blood system. These cells can renew and give rise to their own specific cell type (i.e. new muscle cells, new skin cells, etc.)

Embryonic Stem Cells - come directly from the cord blood of a newborn. These stem cells can give rise to nearly every cell within the body, and research has shown that they are long lasting and self-sustaining. The three known cells that can mature from the umbilical cord are white and red blood cells, and plasma.

The embryonic stem cells are unique to a child and their family, and are currently used in the treatment of multiple illnesses and diseases to replenish blood and bolster the immune system after treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation. However, these unique stem cells may be given to another family, or individual, even if the type of blood is not a perfect match. This opens the door for treatment to many families, when an immediate member cannot.

Rich in stem cells, the umbilical cord blood holds great promise, since the cells are not yet developed and specialized, thus having the ability to give rise to cells immediately needed in the body. But, much study and research needs to be done to understand these cells. Many questions are yet unanswered, such as what triggers the stem cell to become a specific cell (such as white or red blood cell)? Can it be controlled? How can they sustain and renew themselves?

Although once discarded as normal procedure during birth, the umbilical cord blood is now being considered a treasure among waste. Already 45 different diseases and disorders are being treated using stem cells, with great potential for more as researchers delve into this precious source of embryo blood.

Cord Blood