Gout is a disease hallmarked by elevated levels of uric acid in the bloodstream. Gout results from a combination of prolonged elevation of uric acid and overall acidity in the bloodstream. Gout usually attacks the big toe (approximately 75 percent of first attacks); however, it also can affect other joints such as the ankle, heel, instep, knee, wrist, elbow, fingers, or spine.
Gout occurs when crystals of uric acid, in the form of monosodium urate, precipitate on the articular cartilage of joints, on tendons, and in the surrounding tissues. Gout may be primary (including idiopathic), or secondary to (a complication of) another condition. Gout is more common in affluent societies due to a diet rich in proteins, fat, and alcohol.
Gout also can develop as a co-morbidity of other diseases, including polycythaemia, intake of cytotoxics, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, renal disorders, and hemolytic anemia. Gout is an important complication in a minority of solid organ transplant.
Gout can be triggered by the same agents that cause potassium losses such as fasting, surgery, and potassium losing diuretics. Gout is a form of arthritis that affects mostly middle-aged men and postmenopausal women. Gout is a disease that results from an overload of uric acid in the body.
Gout has the unique distinction of being one of the most frequently recorded medical illnesses throughout history. Gout arthritis is typically an extremely painful attack with a rapid onset of joint inflammation. People with gout are usually advised to reduce their intake of purine-rich foods.
Gout attacks can be controlled or prevented by lifestyle changes and the use of certain medications. Gouty joints show the most visibly red signs of inflammation of any of the 100 types of arthritis. Gout is a painful type of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in and around the joints. Gout is caused by uric acid crystals deposited in the body's tissues which lead to recurrent attacks of joint inflammation.
Gout and pseudo gout are similar in some ways yet different in other ways. Gout attacks can be controlled or prevented by a better diet and lifestyle changes and the use of certain medications. Gouty arthritis is the name for an attack of a metabolic disease marked by uric acid deposits in the joints. Gout was once known as "the disease of kings" and "the king of diseases".
Gout is recognized as one of the leading causes of painful, disabling, chronic arthritis. Gout is recognized as one of the most painful types of arthritis. In isolation, neither elevated uric acid nor acidity is sufficient to cause gout. In some cases, the condition may appear in the joints of small toes that have become immobile due to impact injury earlier in life; the resulting poor blood circulation can lead to gout.
Uric acid is more likely to form into crystals when there is hyperuricemia, although hyperuricemia is 10 times more common without clinical gout than with it. Gout can also occur when serum uric acid is normal, and when it is abnormally low (hypouricemia). Paradoxically, acute attacks of gout can occur together with a sudden decrease in serum uric acid, such as due to use of drugs (uricosurics, xanthine oxidase inhibitors), or total parenteral nutrition.
About 10% of people with hyperuricemia develop gout. Alcohol intake often causes acute attacks of gout and hereditary factors may contribute to the elevation of uric acid. Typically, persons with gout are obese, predisposed to diabetes and hypertension, and at higher risk of heart disease.
It is not rare, however, to find gout among the poorer classes, who drink large quantities of alcohol, and whose food is insufficient in quantity and quality. This is known as "poor man's gout.
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