So why does it happen? Well, Google pulls its results from over ten thousand servers, and they can't all be updated at once – Google would have to go down for the update. Instead, each server is updated with the new index, one at a time. This can cause very strange behavior in the page rank process if two major sites located on separate servers happen to have a close linking bond.
Page Rank matters because it's one of the most influential factors that determine a page's ranking in Google's search results. If you want to have good Page Rank, you'd better make sure people are linking to your site. Well, don't jump the gun and try to get your site linked from everywhere you can, because Google doesn't count every link. They have started filter out links from known 'link farms' (sites that are nothing but big lists of links), and being linked to or from these kinds of sites will get you penalized by Google. Be careful out there. They have also implemented a new relevance calculator that (true to its name) tries to determine how relevant the links into and out of your site are. The most important factor here is that Google considers long lasting links as more meaningful than a recently published link.
The best way to increase your page rank is to contact people with relevant and complementary content (that is, content that does not compete with your own but that enhances it). These links are most likely to last and they will not only increase your Google Page Rank, but they will also provide relevant hits via the links themselves.
How is PageRank Calculated? Google calculates the PageRank PR of all pages it indexes, taking into account all the links to and from each site. When a page 'votes' for other pages by linking to them, it shares out some of its PageRank value amongst these pages. This algorithm means that a link to your site from a page with PR4 (i.e. a Page Rank of 4) and five outbound links would be worth more than a link from a page with PR8 and a hundred outbound links. It's not just the Page Rank of the page that's important, but also the number of links it has.
The more links there are on a page, the less Page Rank value your page receives from them. You should also remember that it takes progressively more Page Rank to move up a level. It is generally pretty easy to achieve a Page Rank of three. Once you achieve a Page Rank of four, your site is getting formidable. Increasing past this mark may prove difficult and will require very important content. Reaching 8+ is very difficult. These ranks are usually reserved for sites that are crucial for the functionality of the internet.
The datacenters updating their indexes at different times causes Google to do its dance. Unless you're looking for your website's ranking, you'd never notice this as your site is normally available at all times. The unfortunate bit is that often times you will lose your page ranking for a short period of time or your site will seem to have a lower number of pages indexed by Google. If you insure that you have several hundred pages available on Google at all times you will most likely be able to provide all of your content at all times either directly or indirectly.
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