Menopause is the time in a woman's life when her period stops. It usually occurs naturally, most often after age 45. Menopause happens because the woman's ovary stops producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
The causes of menopause
The causes of menopause can be considered from complementary proximate (mechanistic) and ultimate (adaptive evolutionary) perspectives.
From a proximate perspective: A natural or physiological menopause is that which occurs as a part of a woman's normal aging process. It is the result of the eventual atresia of almost all oocytes in the ovaries. This causes an increase in circulating follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels as there are a decreased number of oocytes responding to these hormones and producing estrogen.
Age
A person’s age is far and away the largest risk factor for macular degeneration. It is estimated that 25% of the population between 65 and 74 have macular degeneration. Above age 75, 33% have macular degeneration.
The pituitary gland produces a substance called follicle stimulating hormone (F.S.H.), which is the main hormone involved in producing mature eggs but the eggs that now remain are unable to respond as well to F.S.H. as they did when they were younger. As a result the ovaries will start failing to release eggs and there will be a greatly reduced production of the sex hormones. oestrogen and progesterone. However, the hormone F.S.H.
What Are the Signs of Menopause?
Changes in your period. This might be what you notice first. Your period may no longer be regular. How much you bleed could change. It could be lighter than normal. Or, you could have a heavier flow. Periods may be shorter or last longer.
Technically, you don't actually "hit" menopause until it's been one year since your final menstrual period. In the United States, that happens about age 51, on average.
The signs and symptoms of menopause, however, often appear long before the one-year anniversary of your final period.
Bone loss: Rapid bone loss is common during the perimenopausal years. Most women reach their peak bone density when aged 25-30 years. After that, bone loss averages 0.13% per year. During perimenopause, bone loss accelerates to about a 3% loss per year. Later, it drops off to about a 2% loss per year. No pain is usually associated with bone loss. However, bone loss can cause osteoporosis, a condition that increases the risk of bone fractures.
Diagnosis of Menopause
If you think you are experiencing menopausal symptoms, and you are finding them difficult to deal with, you should see your GP. They should be able to diagnose peri-menopause, or menopause, by considering your age, whether or not you are still having periods, and asking you about your symptoms.
Menopause: Medical and Natural Treatments
It's not possible to prevent the menopause - it's a natural event that every woman goes through. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is the main treatment for troublesome symptoms. It can also help protect the bones. Because of concerns that HRT may increase the risk of breast cancer, experts currently advise HRT to relieve menopausal symptoms is used at the lowest dose for the shortest time.
Insomnia: characterized by fatigue, irritability, waking up during the night, trouble falling asleep, cognitive impairment and decreased memory. Natural treatments for insomnia include: valerian, hops, passion flower and dong quai, all of which are sedative herbs. Vitamin B6 is also helpful because it produces serotonin; exercising during the day, avoiding alcohol, avoiding caffeine before bedtime, relaxing before going to bed (for example, taking a bath) and sleeping in a dark room can also help.
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